Plantas de cobertura para uso em sistema de plantio direto de repolho

TCC (graduação)- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Curitibanos. Agronomia.O repolho (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) atualmente é a Brassica de maior importância socioeconômica mundial, sendo no Brasil a quinta hortaliça mais produzida. Para tanto, métodos de cultivo aprimorados vêm sendo desenvolvidos na cultura, dentre eles o sistema de plantio direto de hortaliças. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar as potencialidades de diferentes plantas de cobertura em sistema de plantio direto de repolho no município de Curitibanos – SC. Os comparativos foram feitos utilizando como plantas de cobertura o nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), centeio (Secale cereale) e ervilhaca (Vicia sativa), em cultivos solteiros e consorciados, além da testemunha (plantio direto sobre pousio), sendo dispostos em blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições. A semeadura das plantas de cobertura foi feita a lanço, e ao completarem 120 dias após a semeadura foram dessecadas com a utilização do herbicida Glifosato Nortox (dosagem de 3 l-1/ha-1). O repolho hibrido Shinsei foi adquirido já em mudas no comércio local, e plantado no espaçamento de 0,3 X 0,4 metros com o auxílio de uma saraquá 30 dias após a dessecação. Avaliou-se a massa seca das plantas de cobertura, e posteriormente ao plantio da cultura do repolho foi realizado duas avaliações da infestação de plantas daninhas, além de avaliar também as características produtivas da cultura: massa fresca da cabeça, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, comprimento do coração, índice de formato da cabeça, índice de profundidade do coração e produtividade. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5%. A maior produtividade do repolho foi obtida sobre a palhada de centeio isolado (67 ton ha-1), mas também houve ganho produtivo em relação à testemunha nos tratamentos onde este fez parte do consorcio. As plantas de cobertura também demonstraram interação com o comprimento do coração, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal, índice de profundidade do coração e massa fresca da cabeça do repolho. Houve expressiva produção de matéria seca nos tratamentos com centeio (16 ton ha-1), nabo forrageiro (11,9 ton ha-1) nabo forrageiro + ervilhaca (10 ton ha-1), nabo forrageiro + centeio (14 ton ha-1), centeio + ervilhaca (13,4 ton ha-1) e nabo forrageiro + centeio + ervilhaca (17,4 ton ha-1), mas apenas a utilização do centeio isolado ou em consórcio mostrou-se capaz de tornar o controle de plantas daninhas mais eficiente ao longo do ciclo do repolho, refletindo nas maiores produtividades da cultura.Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) is currently the Brassica of greatest socioeconomic importance in the world, and the fifth best-selling vegetable in Brazil. Therefore, cultivation methods have been developed in the culture, including no-tillage system of vegetables. Thus, this study aimed to determine the potentialities of different cover crops in no-tillage system of cabbage in the city of Curitibanos – SC. The comparatives were done using as cover crops forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), rye (Secale cereale) and common vetch (Vicia sativa), in monoculture and intercropping plantations, besides the control (no-tillage over fallow), arranged in entirely random blocks with four repetitions. The sowing of the cover crops was made through broadcast seeding, and after completing 120 days of seeding they got desiccated with the use of the herbicide Glifosato Nortox (dosage of 3 l-1/ha-1). The hybrid cabbage Shinsei was acquired in the local trade, already in seedlings, and planted with the spacing of 0,3 X 0,4 meters with the aid of a ‘saraquá’ (a sort of wooden hoe for planting) 30 days after the desiccation. The dry matter of the cover plants was evaluated and two evaluations of the infestation of weed were performed after the plantation of the cabbage culture, besides also evaluating the productive characteristics of the culture: fresh matter of the head, longitudinal and transverse diameter, heart length, head shape index, heart depth index and productivity. The results were submitted to variance analysis and the averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test to 5%. The greatest cabbage productivity was obtained over the isolated rye straw (67 ton ha-1), but there was also a significant productivity gain in relation to the control in the treatments where it was part of the consortium. The cover crops also demonstrated interaction with the heart length, transverse and longitudinal diameter, heart depth index and fresh matter of the head of the cabbage. There was an expressive production of fresh matter in the treatments of rye (16 ton ha-1), forage radish (11,9 ton ha-1), forage radish + common vetch (10 ton ha-1), forage radish + rye (14 ton ha-1), rye + common vetch (13,4 ton ha-1) and forage radish + rye + common vetch (17,4 ton ha-1), but only the use of isolated rye or in consortium was capable of making the weed control more efficient through the cabbage cycle, reflecting in the greatest culture productivities

Investigation of Singularities in a 3/4 CMG Configuration with Mixed Skew Angles

This paper discusses the singularities that exist within a 3/4 CMG configuration when the CMGs are placed at mixed skew angles. CMGs are typically mounted with the same skew angles and are fixed throughout the spacecraft’s lifetime. Changing these skew angles can bring about unique attributes for the spacecraft such as an increased pitch, roll or yaw capability. Mapping out these singularities when each CMG is mounted differently can show an engineer how to maximize these capabilities and enhance a spacecraft’s mission completion ability. Using singularity penetration logic, the spacecraft’s attitude controls system can pass through these singularities. These singularities would best be avoided to provide optimal control. Finding these limited singularity penetration regions is the focus of this paper. Different mixed skew configurations appear to be more ideal than others for spacecraft that focus on maneuvers about only one axis of rotation

Circular magnetic x-ray dichroism in rare earth compounds

Circular magnetic x-ray dichroism (CMXD) has been used to probe the magnetic properties of rare earth compounds. This study has been undertaken in two distinct parts. First, the angular dependence of the CMXD signal has been examined in order to determine the multiple nature of the transitions involved. Second, the nature of the dichroic spectra of amorphous and crystalline GdFe[subscript]2 has been probed. CMXD offers a unique probe of the magnetic properties of amorphous materials providing information that is not available from any other technique;Previous CMXD measurements at the L edges of rare earth materials have demonstrated two distinct features, one above and one below the Fermi energy. Theoretical calculations have ascribed the two features to dipolar and quadrupolar transitions to the empty 5d and 4f states respectively. This study sought to determine the multipole nature of the transitions involved by measuring the angular dependence of the CMXD signal. Two experiments attempting to observe this angular dependence were undertaken, one at the L[subscript]3 edge of Er in Er[subscript]2Fe[subscript]14B, and another at the L[subscript]2 and L[subscript]3 edges of grain oriented REFe[subscript]2 compounds. All features in the CMXD spectra, within experimental error, were found to be consistent with dipolar transitions. We discuss some possible reasons for the apparent absence of the predicted quadrupolar angular dependence of the features below E[subscript] f.;The spin dependent absorption of circularly polarized x-rays at the K edge of Fe and the L[subscript]2 and L[subscript]3 edges Gd in amorphous and crystalline GdFe[subscript]2 has also been studied. Large differences in the magnitude of the dichroic signal are observed between the two samples. The application of recently derived sum rules indicated substantial quenching of the orbital moment in the amorphous sample. The results are compared to a theoretical spectrum for crystalline GdFe[subscript]2

Bacterial Community Sequences of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Potomac River.

Here, we report results from PCR and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from leaf and root surfaces from nine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) samples comprising five species. Samples were from four sites along the Potomac River

Cleaning the USNO-B Catalog through automatic detection of optical artifacts

The USNO-B Catalog contains spurious entries that are caused by diffraction spikes and circular reflection halos around bright stars in the original imaging data. These spurious entries appear in the Catalog as if they were real stars; they are confusing for some scientific tasks. The spurious entries can be identified by simple computer vision techniques because they produce repeatable patterns on the sky. Some techniques employed here are variants of the Hough transform, one of which is sensitive to (two-dimensional) overdensities of faint stars in thin right-angle cross patterns centered on bright (<13 \mag) stars, and one of which is sensitive to thin annular overdensities centered on very bright (<7 \mag) stars. After enforcing conservative statistical requirements on spurious-entry identifications, we find that of the 1,042,618,261 entries in the USNO-B Catalog, 24,148,382 of them (2.3 \percent) are identified as spurious by diffraction-spike criteria and 196,133 (0.02 \percent) are identified as spurious by reflection-halo criteria. The spurious entries are often detected in more than 2 bands and are not overwhelmingly outliers in any photometric properties; they therefore cannot be rejected easily on other grounds, i.e., without the use of computer vision techniques. We demonstrate our method, and return to the community in electronic form a table of spurious entries in the Catalog.Comment: published in A

Draft Genome Sequence of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens Strain UCD-AKU (Phylum Actinobacteria).

Here we present the draft genome of an actinobacterium, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens strain UCD-AKU, isolated from a residential carpet. The genome assembly contains 3,692,614 bp in 130 contigs. This is the first member of the Curtobacterium genus to be sequenced

Draft Genome Sequence of Kocuria sp. Strain UCD-OTCP (Phylum Actinobacteria).

Here, we present the draft genome of Kocuria sp. strain UCD-OTCP, a member of the phylum Actinobacteria, isolated from a restaurant chair cushion. The assembly contains 3,791,485 bp (G+C content of 73%) and is contained in 68 scaffolds